Non-Freezing Cold Injuries (NFCI) in UK Military Divers

Causes of NFCI in Military Divers

NFCI occurs when limbs are exposed to cold, damp conditions for extended durations but without any actual freezing occurring. In military diving, even with protective suits, the prolonged submersion in such condition combined with repetitive training in challenging weather creates perfect conditions for NFCI. The hands and feet are most commonly affected areas, but symptoms can spread to the rest of the body.

The main causes of such are:

• Prolonged exposure to cold water during dives
• Inadequate thermal protection (worn or poorly fitting dive suits)
• Repeated exposure without sufficient recovery
• Lack of proper supervision or failure to monitor environmental risk factors
• The requirement to continue diving despite early symptoms

Recognising the Symptoms

Unlike frostbite, NFCI develops gradually. Symptoms may include:

• Numbness, tingling or burning sensations
• Pale, cold skin that may not recover warmth easily
• Reduced dexterity or grip strength
• Ongoing sensitivity to cold even after exposure ends
• Persistent pain and long-term nerve damage

Military divers may be encouraged to ‘push through’ the discomfort, but this approach can worsen the injury and cause further long-term complications. In many cases, NFCI leads to medical discharge and an abrupt end to military service.

Seeking Compensation for NFCI

If you developed NFCI during military service, you may be eligible for compensation through several routes:

1. Armed Forces Compensation Scheme (AFCS)

This no-fault scheme compensates service personnel injured during the course of service.  Awards are based on a tariff system depending on the severity of the injury.  Where a career is cut short due to injury, you may be entitled to a Guaranteed Income Payment which is tax free.  Time limits apply to AFCS claims, so early advice is essential.

2. Civil Claim Against the MoD

Although military personnel are not technically employees of the Ministry of Defence (MoD), the MoD still owes a duty of care under common law and health and safety legislation. If it can be shown that potentially problematic exposure to cold was foreseeable and preventable for example, by failing to provide appropriate kit or monitoring, a civil claim for negligence may be brought.

3. War Pensions and Support Charities

If your injury occurred before 2005 or you require long-term support, you may be eligible for a war pension for injuries in service.  There is no time limit on such applications.

Get Expert Legal Support

At Ison Harrison, we understand the physical, emotional and financial impact of NFCI, however caused, on service personnel. Our military injury team specialises in claims for cold injuries, with a strong track record of success. We will guide you through every step, from medical evidence to securing the compensation you deserve.

Contact us today for a free, confidential consultation.
Your service deserves justice.